Pelvic Ring Fracture as a Potential Risk of Death in Politraumatic Patients

Abstract

Background: Pelvic injuries can cause from trivial injuries to others that can cause hemodynamic repercussions that compromise the life of the patient. Among pelvic trauma, we must highlight the fractures of the pelvic ring, acetabular fractures or avulsion injuries, among others, the majority being the consequence of a high-energy blunt trauma

Polytrauma patients are considered to be those with intentional or unintentional bodily injury resulting from acute exposure to amounts of energy that exceed the physiological tolerance threshold.

Methodology: A narrative review was carried out through various databases from January 2014 to May 2021; the search and selection of articles was carried out in journals indexed in English. The following keywords were used: pelvic ring, pelvic ring fracture, hemodynamic instability in polytraumatized patients, risk of death associated with pelvic fracture

Results: Pelvic trauma is one of the injuries that most frequently endangers the life of the polytraumatized patient, the mortality of patients with pelvic fractures can reach large figures if it is not suspected at the site, with imminent risk of These hemorrhage can become exsanguinating, causing hemodynamic compromise of the patient and its fatal outcome. In most cases (up to 80-90%) they are of venous origin, resulting in a non-negligible percentage that requires blood transfusion.

Conclusions: The present review offers to associate the fracture of the pelvic ring as a factor of hemodynamic instability secondary to abundant intra and extra abdominal blood losses in polytraumatized patients.