Clinical features of colorectal carcinoma at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.
Abstract
Introduction; Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide. The risk factors for colon carcinoma include age, family history, obesity, dietary factors etc. Incidence of rectal carcinoma has been found to vary in different geographic. The current study was aimed to evaluate the clinical features, pathological features, association of age, gender, marital status, CEA level with lymph node involvement, metastasis and grading in colorectal carcinoma patients treated at Jinnah Post-graduate Medical Centre, Karachi.
Methods; This was an observational retrospective study conducted at the Oncology department of Jinnah Post-graduate Medical Centre Karachi. All the patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma whether having synchronous, metachronous or recurrent rectal carcinoma were included. Binary and mutinominal logistic regression model was implied to assess the association of lymph node involvement, metastatic disease at presentation and tumour grading with different covariants. IBM SPSS V.20 was used for statistical analysis.
Result; A total of 174 patients were included. Majority of the patients were males 112 (64.4%). The mean age of the patients was 44.43±14.02 years. Urdu speaking people made the greater part of study population 65 (34.5%). Sigmoid colon was the site involved in majority 65 (34.5%) of the cases and Mucinous adenocarcinoma was found in 174 (98.9%) of the patients. People with normal CEA levels were found more prone to have lymph node involvement than patient with raised CEA level (OR-3.727, 95% CI-1.437-9.668). Unmarried people were found to have less chances of a metastatic disease at presentation than married people (OR-0.351, 95% CI-0.126-0.976).
Conclusion: Higher incidence of colorectal carcinoma was observed in younger population in our study. Therefore, measures should be taken to promote screening of young population to detect patients in early phase of the disease and improve survival and decrease morbidity and mortality.
Keywords; Colorectal Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Developing countries.